Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, is a significant concern in cancer patients, particularly those suffering from lymphoma. This condition is often associated with cancer cachexia, which may severely impact treatment outcomes and overall survival. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 18 million new cancer cases were reported globally in 2020, with lymphoma being one of the prevalent types. Sarcopenia may exacerbate the effects of cancer therapies, leading to poorer prognoses and increased mortality rates.

The development of sarcopenia in cancer patients is multifactorial. Factors include systemic inflammation, metabolic changes and reduced physical activity due to illness. Symptoms often include fatigue, weakness and a noticeable decrease in muscle size, which may lead to impaired function and quality of life. Research shows that over half of lymphoma patients exhibit baseline sarcopenia, correlating with shorter median overall survival rates—10.5 months for sarcopenic patients compared to 34.3 months for those without.

Detecting sarcopenia typically involves imaging techniques, such as CT scans, which assess muscle cross-sectional area. Serum metabolomics is another emerging method, analyzing blood samples for metabolic changes indicative of muscle loss. In a recent study involving 83 large B-cell lymphoma patients, significant muscle loss was observed within the first month post-CAR T-cell therapy, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring.

Preventive measures include nutritional support, resistance training and early intervention strategies to mitigate muscle loss. Addressing sarcopenia not only improves the quality of life but also enhances treatment outcomes, particularly in therapies like CAR T-cell treatment.

Sarcopenia presents a considerable challenge for lymphoma patients, adversely affecting treatment efficacy and survival. Understanding its causes, recognizing symptoms and implementing effective detection and prevention strategies are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Ongoing research is essential to unravel the complex interplay between sarcopenia, cancer and therapeutic responses, paving the way for enhanced care in oncology.